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Protein-arginine deiminase

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
protein-arginine deiminase
Protein-arginine deiminase 4, dimer, Human
Identifiers
EC no.3.5.3.15
CAS no.75536-80-0
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins

In enzymology, a protein-arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes a form of post translational modification called arginine de-imination or citrullination:

protein L-arginine + H2O protein L-citrulline + NH3

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are protein L-arginine (arginine residue inside a protein) and H2O, whereas its two products are protein L-citrulline and NH3:

The chemical conversion of arginine to citrulline, known as citrullination or deimination.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines. The systematic name of this enzyme class is protein-L-arginine iminohydrolase. This enzyme is also called peptidylarginine deiminase.

Structural studies

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As of late 2007, seven structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1WD8, 1WD9, 1WDA, 2DEW, 2DEX, 2DEY, and 2DW5.

Mammalian proteins

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Mammals have 5 protein-arginine deiminases, with symbols

except for rodents, there the letter case is different:

  • Padi1, Padi2, Padi3, Padi4, Padi6[3]

The different case is just a historical artifact. It doesn't indicate that the rodent proteins are special.

References

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  1. ^ Sams, K.L; Mukai, C; Marks, B.A; Mittal, C; Demeter, E.A; Nelissen, S; Grenier, J.K; Tate, A.E; Ahmed, F; Coonrod, S.A (October 2022). "Delayed puberty, gonadotropin abnormalities and subfertility in male Padi2/Padi4 double knockout mice". Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 20 (1): 150. doi:10.1186/s12958-022-01018-w. PMC 9555066. PMID 36224627.
  2. ^ "Search results for "peptidyl arginine deiminase"". Vertebrate Gene Nomenclature Committee. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
  3. ^ "Protein Superfamily Detail: Protein-arginine_deiminase". Mouse Genome Informatics.