Ardenna

Ardenna
	Great shearwater (Ardenna gravis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Procellariiformes
Family:	Procellariidae
Genus:	Ardenna; Reichenbach, 1853
Type species
	Puffinus major Faber, 1822 = Procellaria gravis; O'Reilly, 1818
Species
	See text

Ardenna is a genus of seabirds in the family Procellariidae. These medium-sized to large shearwater species were formerly included in the genus Puffinus.

Taxonomy

A phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA published in 2004 found that Puffinus contained two distinct clades and was polyphyletic, with Puffinus more closely related to Calonectris than to Ardenna.^[2]^[3] To create monophyletic genera a group of species were moved into Ardenna, a genus that had been introduced in 1853 by Ludwig Reichenbach with the great shearwater as the type species.^[4]^[5] Reichenbach cites the Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi who in 1603 used the spelling "Artenna" for a seabird.^[6]^[7] Recent genomic studies have validated the phylogenetic distinction between Ardenna and Puffinus, though this study finding Ardenna rather than Puffinus being closer to Calonectris.^[8]

Species

Extant

The genus contains seven extant species as shown below:^[9]

Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution^[10]
A. pacifica	Wedge-tailed shearwater	Breeds on islands in warm temperate and tropical areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans between 30°N and 30°S, foraging in surrounding waters.
A. bulleri	Buller's shearwater	Breeds New Zealand, foraging across most of the Pacific Ocean north to 60°N.
A. grisea	Sooty shearwater	Breeds Tierra del Fuego, Falkland Islands, southeast Australia, New Zealand, foraging widespread in Atlantic and Pacific Oceans north to 65°N (rarely 70°N).
A. tenuirostris	Short-tailed shearwater	Breeds southern Australia, foraging across most of the western and central Pacific Ocean and marginally into the Arctic Ocean, north to 70°N.
A. creatopus	Pink-footed shearwater	Breeds Juan Fernandez and Mocha Islands off Chile, foraging in the eastern Pacific Ocean north to 60°N.
A. carneipes	Flesh-footed shearwater	Breeds southern Indian Ocean (Amsterdam Island) and southwest Pacific Ocean including Lord Howe Island, South Australia and northern New Zealand, foraging across most of the western and central Pacific Ocean north to 60°N.
A. gravis	Great shearwater	Breeds southern Atlantic Ocean on Tristan da Cunha group, also small numbers on the Falkland Islands, foraging across most of the Atlantic Ocean north to 65°N.

Extinct

The genus contains five extinct species as shown below:^[11]

Scientific name	Stratigraphic age	Distribution
A. buchananbrowni	Late Pliocene	New Zealand
A. conradi	Middle Miocene	Maryland, USA
A. davealleni	Late Pliocene	New Zealand
A. gilmorei	Late Pliocene	California, USA
A. pacificoides	Pleistocene	Saint Helena

Phylogeny

Phylogeny based on a study by Joan Ferrer Obiol and collaborators published in 2022.^[12]

Ardenna

	Buller's shearwater Ardenna bulleri

	Wedge-tailed shearwater Ardenna pacifica

Short-tailed shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris

Sooty shearwater Ardenna grisea

Great shearwater Ardenna gravis

	Flesh-footed shearwater Ardenna carneipes

	Pink-footed shearwater Ardenna creatopus

References

^ "Procellariidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
^ Penhallurick, John; Wink, Michael (2004). "Analysis of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Procellariformes based on complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene". Emu. 104 (2): 125–147. Bibcode:2004EmuAO.104..125P. doi:10.1071/MU01060. S2CID 83202756.
^ Remsen, J.V. (September 2014). "Proposal (647) to South American Classification Committee: Split Ardenna from Puffinus". South American Classification Committee. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
^ Reichenbach, H. G. Ludwig (1853). Avium systema naturale. Dresden and Leipzig: Expedition der vollständigsten naturgeschichte. p. IV. The title page has 1850 (original title page missing in the BHL scan but available from BSB). The Preface is dated 1852 but Mayr 1979 gives the year as 1853.
^ Mayr, Ernst (1979). "Order Struthioniformes". In Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William (eds.). Check-list of birds of the world (Volume 1 Second edition ). Vol. 1. Cambridge, Mass.: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 89.
^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
^ Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1603). Vlyssis Aldrovandi philosophi ac medici Bononiensis historiam naturalem in gymnasio Bononiensi profitentis, Ornithologiae (in Latin). Vol. 3. Bononiae (Bologna, Italy): Apud Franciscum de Franciscis Senensem. p. 58.
^ Estandia, A; Chesser, RT; James, HF; Levy, MA; Ferrer Obiol, J; Bretagnolle, V; Gonzales-Solis, J; Welch, AJ (July 2021). "Substitution rate variation in a robust procellariiform seabird phylogeny is not solely explained by body mass, flight efficiency, population size or life history traits" (PDF). bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453752. S2CID 236502443.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
^ del Hoyo, Josep (2020). All the birds of the world. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 201. ISBN 978-84-16728-37-4.
^ Tennyson, A. J. D.; Salvador, R. B.; Tomotani, B. M.; Marx, F. G. (2024). "A New Diving Pliocene Ardenna Shearwater (Aves: Procellariidae) from New Zealand". Taxonomy. 4 (2): 237–249. doi:10.3390/taxonomy4020012. hdl:10037/33366.
^ Ferrer Obiol, J.; James, H.F.; Chesser, R.T.; Bretagnolle, V.; González-Solís, J.; Rozas, J.; Welch, A.J.; Riutort, M. (2022). "Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds". Journal of Biogeography. 49 (1): 171–188. Bibcode:2022JBiog..49..171F. doi:10.1111/jbi.14291. hdl:2445/193747.

[HM4-1] "Procellariidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-27.

[Penhallurick-2] Penhallurick, John; Wink, Michael (2004). "Analysis of the taxonomy and nomenclature of the Procellariformes based on complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene". Emu. 104 (2): 125–147. Bibcode:2004EmuAO.104..125P. doi:10.1071/MU01060. S2CID 83202756.

[3] Remsen, J.V. (September 2014). "Proposal (647) to South American Classification Committee: Split Ardenna from Puffinus". South American Classification Committee. Retrieved 23 January 2016.

[4] Reichenbach, H. G. Ludwig (1853). Avium systema naturale. Dresden and Leipzig: Expedition der vollständigsten naturgeschichte. p. IV. The title page has 1850 (original title page missing in the BHL scan but available from BSB). The Preface is dated 1852 but Mayr 1979 gives the year as 1853.

[5] Mayr, Ernst (1979). "Order Struthioniformes". In Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William (eds.). Check-list of birds of the world (Volume 1 Second edition ). Vol. 1. Cambridge, Mass.: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 89.

[6] Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[7] Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1603). Vlyssis Aldrovandi philosophi ac medici Bononiensis historiam naturalem in gymnasio Bononiensi profitentis, Ornithologiae (in Latin). Vol. 3. Bononiae (Bologna, Italy): Apud Franciscum de Franciscis Senensem. p. 58.

[Estandia_et_al._2021-8] Estandia, A; Chesser, RT; James, HF; Levy, MA; Ferrer Obiol, J; Bretagnolle, V; Gonzales-Solis, J; Welch, AJ (July 2021). "Substitution rate variation in a robust procellariiform seabird phylogeny is not solely explained by body mass, flight efficiency, population size or life history traits" (PDF). bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.07.27.453752. S2CID 236502443.

[ioc-9] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Petrels, albatrosses". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

[Hoyo-10] Hoyo, Josep (2020). All the birds of the world. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 201. ISBN 978-84-16728-37-4.

[11] Tennyson, A. J. D.; Salvador, R. B.; Tomotani, B. M.; Marx, F. G. (2024). "A New Diving Pliocene Ardenna Shearwater (Aves: Procellariidae) from New Zealand". Taxonomy. 4 (2): 237–249. doi:10.3390/taxonomy4020012. hdl:10037/33366.

[12] Ferrer Obiol, J.; James, H.F.; Chesser, R.T.; Bretagnolle, V.; González-Solís, J.; Rozas, J.; Welch, A.J.; Riutort, M. (2022). "Palaeoceanographic changes in the late Pliocene promoted rapid diversification in pelagic seabirds". Journal of Biogeography. 49 (1): 171–188. Bibcode:2022JBiog..49..171F. doi:10.1111/jbi.14291. hdl:2445/193747.

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