Timeline of scientific computing

The following is a timeline of scientific computing, also known as computational science.

Before modern computers

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18th century

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19th century

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1900s (decade)

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1910s (decade)

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1920s

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1930s

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This decade marks the first major strides to a modern computer, and hence the start of the modern era.

1940s

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  • 1947 – Metropolis algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation (named one of the top-10 algorithms of the 20th century)[25] invented at Los Alamos by von Neumann, Ulam and Metropolis.[26][27][28]
  • George Dantzig introduces the simplex method (named one of the top 10 algorithms of the 20th century)[25] in 1947.[29]
  • Ulam and von Neumann introduce the notion of cellular automata.[30]
  • Turing formulated the LU decomposition method.[31]
  • A. W. H. Phillips invents the MONIAC hydraulic computer at LSE, better known as "Phillips Hydraulic Computer".[32][33]
  • First hydro simulations occurred at Los Alamos.[34][35]

1950s

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1960s

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1970s

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1980s

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1990s

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2000s

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2010s

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Buffon, G. Editor's note concerning a lecture given 1733 by Mr. Le Clerc de Buffon to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris. Histoire de l'Acad. Roy. des Sci., pp. 43-45, 1733; according to Weisstein, Eric W. "Buffon's Needle Problem." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. 20 Dec 2012 20 Dec 2012.
  2. ^ Buffon, G. "Essai d'arithmétique morale." Histoire naturelle, générale er particulière, Supplément 4, 46-123, 1777; according to Weisstein, Eric W. "Buffon's Needle Problem." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. 20 Dec 2012
  3. ^ Euler, L. Institutionum calculi integralis. Impensis Academiae Imperialis Scientiarum, 1768.
  4. ^ Butcher, John C. (2003), Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations, New York: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-471-96758-3.
  5. ^ Hairer, Ernst; Nørsett, Syvert Paul; Wanner, Gerhard (1993), Solving ordinary differential equations I: Nonstiff problems, Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-56670-0.
  6. ^ Laplace, PS. (1816). Théorie Analytique des Probabilités :First Supplement, p. 497ff.
  7. ^ Gram, J. P. (1883). "Ueber die Entwickelung reeler Funtionen in Reihen mittelst der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate". JRNL. Für die reine und angewandte Math. 94: 71–73.
  8. ^ Schmidt, E. "Zur Theorie der linearen und nichtlinearen Integralgleichungen. I. Teil: Entwicklung willkürlicher Funktionen nach Systemen vorgeschriebener". Math. Ann. 63: 1907.
  9. ^ Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics (G). As of Aug 2017.
  10. ^ Farebrother, RW (1988). Linear Least Squares Computations. CRC Press. ISBN 9780824776619. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
  11. ^ Simonite, Tom (24 March 2009). "Short Sharp Science: Celebrating Ada Lovelace: the 'world's first programmer'". New Scientist. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  12. ^ Tom Stoppard's “Arcadia,” at Twenty. By Brad Leithauser. The New Yorker, August 8, 2013.
  13. ^ Kim, Eugene Eric; Toole, Betty Alexandra (May 1999). "Ada and the first computer". Scientific American. 280 (5): 70–71. Bibcode:1999SciAm.280e..76E. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0599-76.
  14. ^ Bashforth, Francis (1883), An Attempt to test the Theories of Capillary Action by comparing the theoretical and measured forms of drops of fluid. With an explanation of the method of integration employed in constructing the tables which give the theoretical forms of such drops, by J. C. Adams, Cambridge.
  15. ^ Jacobi's Ideas on Eigenvalue Computation in a modern context, Henk van der Vorst.
  16. ^ Jacobi method, Encyclopedia of Mathematics.
  17. ^ The Early History of Matrix Iterations: With a Focus on the Italian Contribution, Michele Benzi, 26 October 2009. SIAM Conference on Applied Linear Algebra, Monterey Bay – Seaside, California.
  18. ^ MW Kutta. "Beiträge zur näherungsweisen Integration totaler Differentialgleichungen" [Contributions to the approximate integration of total differential equations] (in German). Thesis, University of Munich.
  19. ^ Runge, C., "Über die numerische Auflösung von Differentialgleichungen" [About the numerical solution of differential equations](in German), Math. Ann. 46 (1895) 167-178.
  20. ^ Commandant Benoit (1924). "Note sur une méthode de résolution des équations normales provenant de l'application de la méthode des moindres carrés à un système d'équations linéaires en nombre inférieur à celui des inconnues (Procédé du Commandant Cholesky)". Bulletin Géodésique 2: 67–77.
  21. ^ Cholesky (1910). Sur la résolution numérique des systèmes d'équations linéaires. (manuscript).
  22. ^ L F Richardson, Weather Prediction by Numerical Process. Cambridge University Press (1922).
  23. ^ Lynch, Peter (March 2008). "The origins of computer weather prediction and climate modeling" (PDF). Journal of Computational Physics. 227 (7). University of Miami: 3431–44. Bibcode:2008JCoPh.227.3431L. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.034. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-08. Retrieved 2010-12-23.
  24. ^ Grete Hermann (1926). "Die Frage der endlich vielen Schritte in der Theorie der Polynomideale". Mathematische Annalen. 95: 736–788. doi:10.1007/bf01206635. S2CID 115897210. Archived from the original on 2016-10-09. Retrieved 2017-05-05.
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  26. ^ Metropolis, N. (1987). "The Beginning of the Monte Carlo method" (PDF). Los Alamos Science. No. 15, Page 125. {{cite journal}}: |volume= has extra text (help). Accessed 5 May 2012.
  27. ^ S. Ulam, R. D. Richtmyer, and J. von Neumann(1947). Statistical methods in neutron diffusion. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LAMS–551.
  28. ^ Metropolis, N.; Ulam, S. (1949). "The Monte Carlo method". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 44 (247): 335–341. doi:10.1080/01621459.1949.10483310. PMID 18139350.
  29. ^ "SIAM News, November 1994". Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2012. Systems Optimization Laboratory, Stanford University Huang Engineering Center (site host/mirror).
  30. ^ Von Neumann, J., Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, Univ. of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1966.
  31. ^ A. M. Turing, Rounding-off errors in matrix processes. Quart. J Mech. Appl. Math. 1 (1948), 287–308 (according to Poole, David (2006), Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction (2nd ed.), Canada: Thomson Brooks/Cole, ISBN 0-534-99845-3.) .
  32. ^ The computer model that once explained the British economy. Larry Elliott, The Guardian, Thursday 8 May 2008.
  33. ^ Phillip's Economic Computer, 1949. Archived 2014-10-03 at the Wayback Machine Exhibit at London Science Museum.
  34. ^ Richtmyer, R. D. (1948). Proposed Numerical Method for Calculation of Shocks. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory LA-671.
  35. ^ Von Neumann, J.; Richtmyer, R. D. (1950). "A Method for the Numerical Calculation of Hydrodynamic Shocks". Journal of Applied Physics. 21 (3): 232–237. Bibcode:1950JAP....21..232V. doi:10.1063/1.1699639.
  36. ^ Charney, J.; Fjørtoft, R.; von Neumann, J. (1950). "Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation". Tellus. 2 (4): 237–254. Bibcode:1950Tell....2..237C. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1950.tb00336.x.
  37. ^ See the review article:- Smagorinsky, J (1983). "The Beginnings of Numerical Weather Prediction and General Circulation Modelling: Early Recollections" (PDF). Advances in Geophysics. 25: 3–37. Bibcode:1983AdGeo..25....3S. doi:10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60170-3. ISBN 9780120188253. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  38. ^ Magnus R. Hestenes and Eduard Stiefel, Methods of Conjugate Gradients for Solving Linear Systems, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 49, 409-436 (1952).
  39. ^ Eduard Stiefel, U¨ ber einige Methoden der Relaxationsrechnung (in German), Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 3, 1-33 (1952).
  40. ^ Cornelius Lanczos, Solution of Systems of Linear Equations by Minimized Iterations, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 49, 33-53 (1952).
  41. ^ Cornelius Lanczos, An Iteration Method for the Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem of Linear Differential and Integral Operators, J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 45, 255-282 (1950).
  42. ^ Metropolis, N.; Rosenbluth, A.W.; Rosenbluth, M.N.; Teller, A.H.; Teller, E. (1953). "Equations of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines" (PDF). Journal of Chemical Physics. 21 (6): 1087–1092. Bibcode:1953JChPh..21.1087M. doi:10.1063/1.1699114. OSTI 4390578. S2CID 1046577.
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  48. ^ National Medal of Science citation: "The President's National Medal of Science: John Backus". National Science Foundation. Retrieved March 21, 2007.
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  63. ^ Appel, Kenneth; Haken, Wolfgang (1977). "Every planar map is four colorable, Part I: Discharging". Illinois Journal of Mathematics. 21 (3): 429–490. doi:10.1215/ijm/1256049011.
  64. ^ Appel, K.; Haken, W. (1977). "Every Planar Map is Four-Colorable, II: Reducibility". Illinois J. Math. 21: 491–567. doi:10.1215/ijm/1256049012.
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