A number of mosquitoes sitting on a surface, one has a different colour to the others

Generating prophylactic immunity against arboviruses in vertebrates and invertebrates

In this Review, the authors discuss current challenges and future prospects in exploiting both vertebrate and invertebrate immune systems for the control of flaviviral and alphaviral diseases.

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    • Macrophages are innate immune sentinels providing frontline defence against infection. This Review describes the inducible mechanisms used by macrophages to kill bacterial pathogens and/or inhibit their growth and outlines how this knowledge might be exploited in the design of host-directed therapies.

      • Matthew J. Sweet
      • Divya Ramnath
      • Ronan Kapetanovic
      Review Article
    • For effective central T cell tolerance, developing thymocytes must encounter a diverse range of self-antigens presented by various thymic cells. Here, the authors describe how medullary thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells and B cells are uniquely adapted through promiscuous gene expression, strategic positioning and inflammatory signals, which shape the peptide–MHC ligandomes and extend self-antigen visibility in the thymic microenvironment.

      • Ludger Klein
      • Elisabetta Petrozziello
      Review Article
    • Dendritic cells (DCs) act as gatekeepers between immunity and tolerance. Initially, it was postulated that mature DCs promote effector T cell responses and immature DCs promote tolerance. Recent studies have shown instead that two distinct modes of DC maturation exist — homeostatic and immunogenic. Here, Bosteels and Janssens discuss our current understanding of homeostatic DC maturation and how this contributes to immune tolerance, with a focus on the cDC1 compartment.

      • Victor Bosteels
      • Sophie Janssens
      Review Article
    • The mechanisms by which antigen triggers B-cell activation are incompletely understood. In this Review, Degn and Tolar discuss the different models of B-cell receptor triggering that have been proposed over the years in the light of recent insights.

      • Søren E. Degn
      • Pavel Tolar
      Review Article
    • Inflammasomes are signalling machines that drive inflammation. This Review highlights the signalling biology of inflammasomes and how we can use small molecules or biologics to block pathological inflammasome signalling to treat or prevent diverse human diseases.

      • Rebecca C. Coll
      • Kate Schroder
      Review Article
Neuroimmune connections

Neuroimmunology

A Series of articles published in Nature Reviews Immunology focusing on connections between the immune system and nervous system.
  • Lucy Bird
Series

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