We're hiring a Senior DevOps Engineer! Come build with Sports Reference. Apply now.

2024 California League Pitching Leaders

2023 Season

Classification: A

Overall: 521 games, 8 teams, approx. 130 games in season

Attendance: 1,078,315 (2,069/game)

Become a Stathead & surf this site ad-free.

League Player Pitching

League Player Pitching
Rk	Name	Age	Tm	Lev	Aff	W	L	W-L%	ERA	RA9	G	GS	GF	CG	SHO	SV	IP	H	R	ER	HR	BB	IBB	SO	HBP	BK	WP	BF	WHIP	H9	HR9	BB9	SO9	SO/W
1	Jenrry Gonzalez*	23	SBR	A	LAA	9	1	.900	1.88	2.81	24	0	8	0	0	0	48.0	25	15	10	3	24	3	47	4	1	2	194	1.021	4.7	0.6	4.5	8.8	1.96
2	Dylan Carmouche*	22	SJO	A	SFG	8	2	.800	2.74	3.52	20	17	0	0	0	0	92.0	78	36	28	4	41	0	90	2	4	14	375	1.293	7.6	0.4	4.0	8.8	2.20
3	Welinton Herrera*	20	FRE	A	COL	8	2	.800	2.38	2.38	23	0	9	0	0	0	34.0	25	9	9	1	9	0	62	5	3	1	139	1.000	6.6	0.3	2.4	16.4	6.89
4	Tyler Gough	20	MOD	A	SEA	7	4	.636	4.33	5.17	23	23	0	0	0	0	95.2	88	55	46	3	47	0	99	4	0	4	414	1.411	8.3	0.3	4.4	9.3	2.11
5	Shane Rademacher	23	SJO	A	SFG	7	2	.778	4.89	5.85	26	7	5	0	0	0	84.2	101	55	46	14	29	0	102	0	1	6	376	1.535	10.7	1.5	3.1	10.8	3.52
6	Jack White*	24	MOD	A	SEA	7	4	.636	4.76	5.27	38	0	5	0	0	3	70.0	61	41	37	5	47	0	88	7	1	7	318	1.543	7.8	0.6	6.0	11.3	1.87
7	Casey Anderson	23	VIS	A	ARI	6	8	.429	6.37	6.67	21	21	0	0	0	0	89.0	87	66	63	12	47	0	93	15	0	9	412	1.506	8.8	1.2	4.8	9.4	1.98
8	Diego Barrera*	24	STK	A	OAK	6	2	.750	2.77	3.69	26	0	16	0	0	2	39.0	37	16	12	3	13	0	48	1	0	3	164	1.282	8.5	0.7	3.0	11.1	3.69
9	Felix Cabrera*	22	RCU	A	LAD	6	4	.600	5.44	6.07	35	0	14	0	0	2	43.0	48	29	26	5	34	1	44	4	2	6	213	1.907	10.0	1.0	7.1	9.2	1.29
10	Javier Chacon*	21	LEL	A	SDP	6	2	.750	3.61	4.42	33	5	7	0	0	2	77.1	57	38	31	6	41	0	93	6	5	7	329	1.267	6.6	0.7	4.8	10.8	2.27
11	Isaiah Coupet*	21	FRE	A	COL	6	5	.545	5.34	5.55	19	15	0	0	0	0	86.0	88	53	51	7	27	0	119	9	0	5	376	1.337	9.2	0.7	2.8	12.5	4.41
12	Ashton Izzi	20	MOD	A	SEA	6	5	.545	2.85	3.50	26	26	0	0	0	0	110.2	95	43	35	4	59	0	95	5	1	6	482	1.392	7.7	0.3	4.8	7.7	1.61
13	Denny Larrondo	22	VIS	A	ARI	6	5	.545	3.56	5.00	23	23	0	0	0	0	93.2	76	52	37	7	68	0	107	12	3	9	422	1.537	7.3	0.7	6.5	10.3	1.57
14	Sean Linan	19	RCU	A	LAD	6	2	.750	4.89	5.05	13	4	0	0	0	0	57.0	58	32	31	5	24	0	72	6	0	6	248	1.439	9.2	0.8	3.8	11.4	3.00
15	Alejandro Lugo	21	LEL	A	SDP	6	2	.750	3.08	3.93	25	1	9	0	0	0	52.2	48	23	18	5	26	0	39	1	0	4	230	1.405	8.2	0.9	4.4	6.7	1.50
16	Wilkin Paredes*	20	VIS	A	ARI	6	5	.545	5.49	6.15	16	16	0	0	0	0	82.0	96	56	50	13	17	0	69	3	1	5	361	1.378	10.5	1.4	1.9	7.6	4.06
17	Will Schomberg	23	MOD	A	SEA	6	1	.857	2.69	3.20	15	15	0	0	0	0	70.1	48	25	21	3	40	0	97	12	0	9	308	1.251	6.1	0.4	5.1	12.4	2.43
18	Esmerlin Vinicio*	21	SJO	A	SFG	6	0	1.000	3.59	3.90	19	5	0	0	0	0	57.2	40	25	23	0	32	0	55	8	4	5	240	1.249	6.2	0.0	5.0	8.6	1.72
19	Mark Adamiak	23	STK	A	OAK	5	5	.500	4.90	6.08	45	0	17	0	0	2	60.2	62	41	33	7	28	0	75	6	1	12	273	1.484	9.2	1.0	4.2	11.1	2.68
20	Patrick Copen	22	RCU	A	LAD	5	2	.714	3.15	3.31	13	11	0	0	0	0	54.1	40	20	19	1	25	0	60	5	1	3	223	1.196	6.6	0.2	4.1	9.9	2.40
21	Elijah Dale	23	MOD	A	SEA	5	8	.385	4.46	5.45	26	24	0	0	0	0	109.0	83	66	54	7	57	0	111	22	1	21	493	1.284	6.9	0.6	4.7	9.2	1.95
22	Cam Day	21	RCU	A	LAD	5	6	.455	4.68	5.29	24	15	3	0	0	0	102.0	109	60	53	5	52	1	94	8	0	12	459	1.578	9.6	0.4	4.6	8.3	1.81
23	Junior Flores	22	SJO	A	SFG	5	3	.625	5.03	6.37	32	0	17	0	0	4	53.2	52	38	30	2	41	0	49	7	1	9	258	1.733	8.7	0.3	6.9	8.2	1.20
24	Joseilyn Gonzalez	22	RCU	A	LAD	5	1	.833	5.66	6.82	39	0	8	0	0	1	62.0	64	47	39	7	35	0	55	10	1	7	287	1.597	9.3	1.0	5.1	8.0	1.57
25	Roque Gutierrez	21	RCU	A	LAD	5	3	.625	5.38	6.20	28	4	5	0	0	0	98.2	103	68	59	13	35	0	118	4	2	6	437	1.399	9.4	1.2	3.2	10.8	3.37
26	Bryson Hammer*	22	FRE	A	COL	5	3	.625	1.25	3.04	33	0	17	0	0	5	50.1	35	17	7	1	24	0	52	3	0	4	212	1.172	6.3	0.2	4.3	9.3	2.17
27	Jace Kaminska	22	FRE	A	COL	5	5	.500	2.78	3.09	17	16	0	0	0	0	87.1	80	30	27	6	12	0	104	4	0	1	353	1.053	8.2	0.6	1.2	10.7	8.67
28	Pedro Lemos	21	MOD	A	SEA	5	4	.556	4.32	5.22	31	11	0	0	0	0	89.2	93	52	43	8	40	0	88	12	2	9	416	1.483	9.3	0.8	4.0	8.8	2.20
29	Isaiah Lowe	21	LEL	A	SDP	5	3	.625	3.00	3.38	17	13	1	0	0	0	72.0	56	27	24	2	29	0	89	5	3	5	300	1.181	7.0	0.3	3.6	11.1	3.07
30	Jack Mahoney	22	FRE	A	COL	5	6	.455	3.52	3.80	17	17	0	1	1	0	94.2	87	40	37	6	22	0	91	3	4	7	390	1.151	8.3	0.6	2.1	8.7	4.14
31	Alex Martinez	21	SBR	A	LAA	5	6	.455	2.60	3.50	48	0	36	0	0	12	69.1	55	27	20	1	31	0	77	2	0	7	289	1.240	7.1	0.1	4.0	10.0	2.48
32	Johan Moreno	21	LEL	A	SDP	5	2	.714	5.62	6.91	17	5	0	0	0	0	41.2	48	32	26	6	28	0	38	0	0	7	200	1.824	10.4	1.3	6.0	8.2	1.36
33	Alberto Pacheco*	21	FRE	A	COL	5	4	.556	3.79	4.24	19	18	0	0	0	0	99.2	85	47	42	11	43	0	100	8	1	6	424	1.284	7.7	1.0	3.9	9.0	2.33
34	Cesar Perdomo*	22	SJO	A	SFG	5	1	.833	1.26	1.88	13	1	3	0	0	2	43.0	35	9	6	0	11	0	50	2	0	1	175	1.070	7.3	0.0	2.3	10.5	4.55
35	Adonys Perez*	20	VIS	A	ARI	5	8	.385	6.63	7.10	22	21	0	0	0	0	96.1	110	76	71	13	44	0	95	11	4	10	437	1.599	10.3	1.2	4.1	8.9	2.16
36	Bryan Perez	20	FRE	A	COL	5	8	.385	4.26	4.98	22	22	0	0	0	0	112.0	105	62	53	8	54	1	124	19	2	7	507	1.420	8.4	0.6	4.3	10.0	2.30
37	Jose Rodriguez	22	RCU	A	LAD	5	2	.714	5.19	5.97	9	3	1	0	0	1	34.2	35	23	20	1	13	0	59	3	0	7	158	1.385	9.1	0.3	3.4	15.3	4.54
38	Christian Young	28	SBR	A	LAA	5	3	.625	5.66	6.59	20	7	3	0	0	1	68.1	75	50	43	7	14	0	71	3	0	3	290	1.302	9.9	0.9	1.8	9.4	5.07
39	Thomas Balboni	23	LEL	A	SDP	4	1	.800	4.46	4.98	30	0	21	0	0	2	34.1	29	19	17	1	20	1	60	4	3	6	157	1.427	7.6	0.3	5.2	15.7	3.00
40	Derek Corro*	19	STK	A	OAK	4	2	.667	5.80	7.29	25	1	10	0	0	1	54.1	56	44	35	5	41	0	52	10	2	15	264	1.785	9.3	0.8	6.8	8.6	1.27
41	Jorge Gonzalez	21	RCU	A	LAD	4	2	.667	6.98	7.45	14	0	6	0	0	0	19.1	15	16	15	0	15	0	27	3	1	2	89	1.552	7.0	0.0	7.0	12.6	1.80
42	Cole Hillier	23	SJO	A	SFG	4	4	.500	3.70	5.09	31	0	21	0	0	6	58.1	55	33	24	4	34	0	62	4	1	3	272	1.526	8.5	0.6	5.2	9.6	1.82
43	Brody Hopkins	22	MOD	A	SEA	4	3	.571	2.90	3.76	18	18	0	0	0	0	83.2	62	35	27	2	40	0	95	15	0	9	358	1.219	6.7	0.2	4.3	10.2	2.38
44	Sam Knowlton	24	VIS	A	ARI	4	4	.500	5.66	7.20	31	0	22	0	0	3	35.0	37	28	22	1	33	0	43	4	4	13	175	2.000	9.5	0.3	8.5	11.1	1.30
45	Alexis Liebano	21	VIS	A	ARI	4	6	.400	5.60	6.88	34	0	22	0	0	9	35.1	35	27	22	6	17	0	48	2	1	6	159	1.472	8.9	1.5	4.3	12.2	2.82
46	Ismael Luciano	21	FRE	A	COL	4	1	.800	6.32	6.32	8	6	0	0	0	0	31.1	32	22	22	6	17	0	30	2	1	2	139	1.564	9.2	1.7	4.9	8.6	1.76
47	Alejandro Manzano	22	STK	A	OAK	4	3	.571	6.16	7.11	21	8	2	0	0	0	76.0	84	60	52	11	33	0	82	6	2	7	352	1.539	9.9	1.3	3.9	9.7	2.48
48	Ubert Mejías	23	SJO	A	SFG	4	7	.364	4.70	5.72	26	24	1	0	0	0	122.2	143	78	64	12	25	0	85	2	7	2	528	1.370	10.5	0.9	1.8	6.2	3.40
49	Peniel Otano	23	VIS	A	ARI	4	0	1.000	1.42	2.37	13	0	6	0	0	0	19.0	14	5	3	0	12	0	21	1	1	3	86	1.368	6.6	0.0	5.7	9.9	1.75
50	Jose Luis Reyes	21	LEL	A	SDP	4	7	.364	6.94	7.84	18	16	0	0	0	0	70.0	88	61	54	8	22	0	72	9	2	12	328	1.571	11.3	1.0	2.8	9.3	3.27
51	Kobe Robinson	23	LEL	A	SDP	4	1	.800	6.96	7.52	20	0	6	0	0	1	32.1	41	27	25	1	21	0	34	6	0	4	164	1.918	11.4	0.3	5.8	9.5	1.62
52	Francis Texido*	19	SBR	A	LAA	4	7	.364	6.77	7.41	25	24	0	0	0	0	98.1	108	81	74	7	79	0	104	7	2	13	476	1.902	9.9	0.6	7.2	9.5	1.32
53	Will Varmette	21	LEL	A	SDP	4	4	.500	6.13	6.70	28	2	6	0	0	1	47.0	36	35	32	4	34	0	64	7	2	3	208	1.489	6.9	0.8	6.5	12.3	1.88
54	Jesse Wainscott	24	MOD	A	SEA	4	3	.571	4.53	5.10	43	0	21	0	0	6	47.2	43	27	24	3	34	3	50	6	1	10	225	1.615	8.1	0.6	6.4	9.4	1.47
55	Eric Yost	21	LEL	A	SDP	4	2	.667	4.89	5.22	18	14	0	0	0	0	81.0	94	47	44	7	27	0	80	7	0	8	360	1.494	10.4	0.8	3.0	8.9	2.96
56	Eric Dominguez*	21	VIS	A	ARI	3	1	.750	3.09	3.09	9	0	3	0	0	1	32.0	22	11	11	3	10	0	35	1	0	1	128	1.000	6.2	0.8	2.8	9.8	3.50
57	German Fajardo	23	MOD	A	SEA	3	2	.600	5.10	6.61	35	0	6	0	0	0	65.1	61	48	37	3	41	0	73	17	0	1	317	1.561	8.4	0.4	5.6	10.1	1.78
58	Stu Flesland*	23	FRE	A	COL	3	3	.500	3.91	4.29	32	7	5	0	0	0	71.1	69	34	31	2	27	0	70	6	1	5	315	1.346	8.7	0.3	3.4	8.8	2.59
59	Caden Grice*	22	VIS	A	ARI	3	3	.500	3.75	4.29	12	11	0	0	0	0	50.1	37	24	21	4	29	0	68	8	1	6	218	1.311	6.6	0.7	5.2	12.2	2.34
60	Luis Gutierrez*	20	LEL	A	SDP	3	3	.500	4.62	6.06	14	13	0	0	0	0	62.1	76	42	32	6	17	0	51	2	0	2	277	1.492	11.0	0.9	2.5	7.4	3.00
61	Trent Harris	25	SJO	A	SFG	3	1	.750	1.14	1.71	14	0	7	0	0	4	31.2	16	6	4	1	12	0	44	0	1	2	121	0.884	4.5	0.3	3.4	12.5	3.67
62	Edgar Isea	21	VIS	A	ARI	3	4	.429	4.46	4.72	32	0	16	0	0	2	34.1	18	18	17	1	30	0	48	6	0	11	152	1.398	4.7	0.3	7.9	12.6	1.60
63	Cale Lansville	21	SJO	A	SFG	3	4	.429	4.36	6.17	20	14	1	0	0	1	74.1	84	51	36	5	22	0	69	6	0	12	339	1.426	10.2	0.6	2.7	8.4	3.14
64	Michael Limoncelli	24	MOD	A	SEA	3	1	.750	5.54	7.96	25	0	8	0	0	0	26.0	17	23	16	1	38	1	28	7	1	12	140	2.115	5.9	0.3	13.2	9.7	0.74
65	Timmy Manning*	22	SJO	A	SFG	3	2	.600	2.74	5.09	14	0	9	0	0	1	23.0	16	13	7	0	12	0	20	1	0	1	101	1.217	6.3	0.0	4.7	7.8	1.67
66	Miguel Mendez	21	LEL	A	SDP	3	5	.375	3.86	3.86	22	20	1	0	0	0	81.2	68	35	35	4	55	0	86	10	2	7	368	1.506	7.5	0.4	6.1	9.5	1.56
67	Jorge Minyety	21	VIS	A	ARI	3	0	1.000	2.38	3.57	11	0	0	0	0	0	22.2	13	9	6	1	9	0	18	5	1	2	94	0.971	5.2	0.4	3.6	7.1	2.00
68	Daniel Nunez	21	VIS	A	ARI	3	1	.750	3.21	3.48	20	11	2	0	0	0	67.1	65	26	24	3	12	0	72	4	1	2	280	1.144	8.7	0.4	1.6	9.6	6.00
69	Anyelo Ovando	23	MOD	A	SEA	3	4	.429	4.67	6.06	31	0	3	0	0	0	52.0	42	35	27	3	33	0	68	12	0	6	244	1.442	7.3	0.5	5.7	11.8	2.06
70	Brayan Perez*	23	MOD	A	SEA	3	0	1.000	3.19	3.92	39	0	13	0	0	5	62.0	48	27	22	0	18	0	64	8	1	8	263	1.065	7.0	0.0	2.6	9.3	3.56
71	Carlos Rey*	22	VIS	A	ARI	3	1	.750	3.18	3.97	35	0	2	0	0	1	56.2	36	25	20	3	46	0	87	6	0	9	247	1.447	5.7	0.5	7.3	13.8	1.89
72	Noah Ruen	21	RCU	A	LAD	3	2	.600	4.45	5.27	42	0	24	0	0	7	54.2	62	32	27	4	22	0	53	8	0	3	253	1.537	10.2	0.7	3.6	8.7	2.41
73	Xavier Ruiz	21	LEL	A	SDP	3	2	.600	2.22	2.73	36	0	20	0	0	8	52.2	43	16	13	0	18	2	55	2	2	5	219	1.158	7.3	0.0	3.1	9.4	3.06
74	Andre Sanchez	21	SBR	A	LAA	3	8	.273	6.88	6.88	24	19	1	0	0	0	86.1	95	66	66	7	65	0	69	8	2	12	412	1.853	9.9	0.7	6.8	7.2	1.06
75	Dawry Segura	20	SBR	A	LAA	3	2	.600	5.25	5.63	14	0	1	0	0	0	24.0	25	15	14	2	12	0	25	1	0	3	109	1.542	9.4	0.8	4.5	9.4	2.08
76	Gabriel Sosa	23	MOD	A	SEA	3	1	.750	4.55	6.07	27	0	14	0	0	4	29.2	26	20	15	2	17	0	44	8	0	6	144	1.449	7.9	0.6	5.2	13.3	2.59
77	Austin Strickland	22	SJO	A	SFG	3	0	1.000	3.20	3.66	12	0	5	0	0	1	19.2	21	8	7	0	7	0	24	2	0	3	88	1.424	9.6	0.0	3.2	11.0	3.43
78	Sam Weatherly*	25	FRE	A	COL	3	1	.750	2.85	3.95	30	0	15	0	0	8	41.0	31	18	13	3	19	0	51	4	0	2	172	1.220	6.8	0.7	4.2	11.2	2.68
79	C.J. Widger*	25	MOD	A	SEA	3	4	.429	4.60	5.22	27	0	16	0	0	3	29.1	18	17	15	2	17	0	44	5	2	7	125	1.193	5.5	0.6	5.2	13.5	2.59
80	Chen Zhong-Ao Zhuang	23	STK	A	OAK	3	2	.600	1.67	1.67	9	5	3	0	0	0	32.1	26	6	6	1	4	0	37	1	1	2	126	0.928	7.2	0.3	1.1	10.3	9.25
81	Luke Anderson	25	STK	A	OAK	2	2	.500	5.28	8.22	18	0	9	0	0	1	15.1	14	14	9	0	20	0	21	3	0	3	83	2.217	8.2	0.0	11.7	12.3	1.05
82	Roman Angelo	24	VIS	A	ARI	2	1	.667	3.60	3.96	6	5	1	0	0	1	25.0	21	11	10	1	17	0	40	2	0	6	110	1.520	7.6	0.4	6.1	14.4	2.35
83	Corey Avant	22	STK	A	OAK	2	6	.250	7.26	8.53	24	6	3	0	0	2	57.0	81	54	46	7	39	1	68	3	0	11	292	2.105	12.8	1.1	6.2	10.7	1.74
84	Cesar Avila	22	SBR	A	LAA	2	1	.667	4.12	4.12	7	3	0	0	0	0	19.2	14	9	9	0	10	0	16	4	0	0	85	1.220	6.4	0.0	4.6	7.3	1.60
85	Chris Barraza	24	SBR	A	LAA	2	2	.500	3.32	3.76	30	0	15	0	0	1	40.2	33	17	15	1	28	0	43	4	0	12	185	1.500	7.3	0.2	6.2	9.5	1.54
86	Collin Baumgartner	25	FRE	A	COL	2	2	.500	1.42	1.42	14	0	4	0	0	1	19.0	7	3	3	0	6	0	30	1	0	0	68	0.684	3.3	0.0	2.8	14.2	5.00
87	Josh Bostick	22	SJO	A	SFG	2	9	.182	4.78	5.20	26	23	1	0	0	1	107.1	99	62	57	11	44	0	121	12	1	6	465	1.332	8.3	0.9	3.7	10.1	2.75
88	Ryan Brown	23	STK	A	OAK	2	3	.400	4.67	4.93	21	7	5	0	0	4	69.1	57	38	36	3	21	0	79	1	0	5	288	1.125	7.4	0.4	2.7	10.3	3.76
89	Ruben Castillo	23	SBR	A	LAA	2	2	.500	7.19	7.54	20	5	1	0	0	0	51.1	62	43	41	5	33	0	51	7	1	3	252	1.851	10.9	0.9	5.8	8.9	1.55
90	T.J. Czyz	23	STK	A	OAK	2	0	1.000	5.44	5.66	33	0	9	0	0	0	41.1	37	26	25	6	42	0	35	2	0	11	198	1.911	8.1	1.3	9.1	7.6	0.83
91	Ernie Day	22	MOD	A	SEA	2	2	.500	13.73	14.19	24	0	4	0	0	0	19.2	26	31	30	1	32	0	19	6	0	13	121	2.949	11.9	0.5	14.6	8.7	0.59
92	Jose Dicochea	23	STK	A	OAK	2	6	.250	4.54	5.67	22	14	1	0	0	1	79.1	75	50	40	6	42	0	84	9	0	8	357	1.475	8.5	0.7	4.8	9.5	2.00
93	Hayden Durke	22	VIS	A	ARI	2	0	1.000	2.33	2.53	34	0	12	0	0	2	46.1	22	13	12	3	36	0	69	3	2	12	196	1.252	4.3	0.6	7.0	13.4	1.92
94	Gabe Emmett	23	RCU	A	LAD	2	0	1.000	8.60	9.20	17	3	0	0	0	0	45.0	61	46	43	4	36	0	46	4	1	6	233	2.156	12.2	0.8	7.2	9.2	1.28
95	Jackson Finley	23	STK	A	OAK	2	7	.222	5.62	6.16	25	15	1	0	0	0	83.1	94	57	52	6	42	0	94	12	1	8	386	1.632	10.2	0.6	4.5	10.2	2.24
96	Victor Garcia	20	SBR	A	LAA	2	0	1.000	3.68	3.68	11	0	3	0	0	1	22.0	22	9	9	0	13	0	22	2	0	0	101	1.591	9.0	0.0	5.3	9.0	1.69
97	Harry Gustin*	22	LEL	A	SDP	2	3	.400	4.01	6.12	21	2	4	0	0	1	42.2	42	29	19	3	18	0	54	2	0	3	193	1.406	8.9	0.6	3.8	11.4	3.00
98	Kannon Handy*	24	FRE	A	COL	2	4	.333	5.82	6.98	24	2	5	0	0	0	38.2	42	30	25	6	20	0	46	3	1	2	180	1.603	9.8	1.4	4.7	10.7	2.30
99	Camilo Hernandez	20	STK	A	OAK	2	0	1.000	3.26	4.19	12	0	7	0	0	1	19.1	19	9	7	1	9	0	13	3	0	2	88	1.448	8.8	0.5	4.2	6.1	1.44
100	Brady Hill	23	FRE	A	COL	2	5	.286	4.71	5.36	38	0	13	0	0	5	42.0	40	25	22	5	20	0	49	2	1	4	187	1.429	8.6	1.1	4.3	10.5	2.45