Ing atom ing malating diling dake o parting bibilug king metung a chemical element. Ing atom bibilugan ne ning electron cloud, a maki electron a negative a charge a makapadurut king masiksik (dense) a nucleus. Ining nucleus atin yang proton a maki positive a charge, ampong neutron a neutral a electrically neutral. Nung pante ing bilang da reng proton ampong neutron, electrically neutral ya ing atom. Nu namang ali, metung yang ion, a maki positive o negative a charge. Matitinduk (classified, o mapipitna la agpang king uri) ya ing atom basi king bilang da reng kayang proton ampong neutron: ing bilang da reng proton ing magpasia king chemical element, at ing bilang da naman deng neutron ing magpasia king isotope na nitang element.
Ing atom ning Helium
Metung a larawan ning atom ning helium, nung nu ya mayayakit ing nucleus (malare) ampo ing electron cloud distribution (matuling). Ing nucleus (babo wanan) pante ya pangabilug king tutu, oneng e paneng anti kaniti kareng mas komplikadu tabas a nucleus. Metung yang ångström ing matuling a gulis, a katumbas ning 10−10m o 100,000 fm.
Deng minunang filosofo king India ampong Grecia kanitang minunang panaun ing purmerung migmunikala king idea o konseptu nng atom antimong dake ning sangkap (matter) a e na maliaring pitnan. Aniang kalampitu (17th) ampo kalabingwalung siglu o dilanua (18th century), minie lang pisikal a katibayan para kanitang idea kapamilatan ning pamagpaltong e no maliaring pitnan o bangalan pa king paralan a chemical deng mapilang sangkap. Aniang wakas ning kalabingsiam (19th) a siglu ampo ing umpisa ning kaduang pulung siglu, mekatuklas lang dake ampong pangabalangkas kilub ning, at mas malati pa kesa king atom, patudeng e tutung e na maliaring pitnan ing 'atom.' Megamit la reng tuntunan ning quantum mechanics ba yang i-model ing atom.[1][2]
Nung pakilupa tamu king araranasan tamu aldo-aldo, tutu lang mangalatiktik a bage deng atom, a makanian murin kalatiktik a bayat, at maliari la mung panigaralan tunggal-tunggal nung gumamit espesial a kasangkapan antimo king scanning tunneling microscope. Atiu king nucleus ing 99.9% ning timbang ning nucleus, [3] , halus pareu la bayat deng proton ampo reng neutron. Neng masiadu yang dakal o ditak ing bilang da reng neutron nung ikumpara/pakiyanti ya king bilang da reng proton, e matatag o pilmi ing nucleus, at maliaring marapat kaya ing radioactive decay[4] Mag-okupa la o makabili king metung a grupu da reng matatag (stable) a energy level or orbital deng electron a makapadurut king nucleus, at maliari lang malis/lumipat manibat king metung papunta king aliwang estadu o energy level kapamilatan ning pamananggap o pamagpalual photon a katumbas ning pamialiwa da enerhia deng level. Deng electron ing magpasia king kaurian dang chemical (chemical properties) ning metung a element, at maragul ing karelang impluensia king kaurian nang magneticu ning metung a atom.
↑Mas dakal la nucleon kesa electron deng keraklan kareng isotope. King espesial nang kasu ning hydrogen-1, a maki metung a electron ampong nucleon, ing proton , ya o 99.95% ning bayat ning mabilug a atomic.
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