Gurune people

'the printable version' la kale suŋera de mɛ ta'am tara tuure. N beleni mɛ turesɛ fu 'brower bookmarks' la dee dikɛ 'default browser' la 'print function' de basɛ ka.

C-Class

Gurenɛ(Farefari de la yetɔgum bɔ'ɔra nɛresɛba n boi Bɔlega so'olum puan magese wuu, Bɔɔsi, Guresi, Ninkaresi, Tanlesi la Nabedum. Nɛrebana wa n tɔgeri Farefari (Gurenɛ) la. Farefari yetɔgum la n bala ti basɛba ni yeti Gurenɛ la. Farefari la pu la yetɔgum kanra anuu.

Bɔɔsi tɔgeri la Boone, Guresi tɔgera Gurenɛ, Tãlesi tɔgeri la Tannɛ, Ninkaresi me tɔgeri la Ninkarɛ, dee ti Nabeduma me nyaa tɔgera Nabt.

Dee bala la wuusa la, ba za'a de la Farefari duma, tɔgera Farefari.

Fu san ɛɛra Farefari duma wa, ba boi la Bɔlega so'olum n de 'Upper East Region, Gaana . Asaala puurɛ zuo ti ba nɛreba basɛba ɛ ta bɔna so'olum duma zo'e zo'e puusin magesɛ wuu; Tamale, Kumasi, Accra, UK, US, la tinsi asi'a puusin.

La dagi la Farefari duma ma'a n ɛɛri ba puurɛ zuo, asaala bia woo n boi timpaberɛ wa puan wa lagum ɛɛra la bala.

Sɛba n de Farefari duma bɔna Northeast Gaana la southern Burkina Faso la. La de la sore bunaasi n tari buuri malema, tɔgum. Nɛrebana de la Guresi, Tanlesi, Nabeduma la Kusaasi.^[1] "Frafra" ti ba dikɛ zele bo buuri bana za'a beni zuo ba yɛla woo dela bɔyima gee ba boi yima yima.^[2] Tiŋa la puan, ba de la kaareba.^[2]

Zi'a

Bolgatanga de la Farefari duma tiŋa. Tisesi n de nimu'urɛ tisɛ la de la Bongo, Zuarungu, Zoko, la Pwalugu. Tongo de la Tanlesi duma me tiŋa, n zele Farefari duma puan gee sɛba ta'am tɔgera Farefari mɛ.

Farefari la boi la white la red Volta Rivers.^[3]

Zɛsɛka ti Farefari duma bɔna la de la 500–700 bɔna ko'om n de se'em la. Kugekara, n de satansi, n boi zi'an la puan bayi ti a yima dɛna Tongo Hills la Central Range Hills. Fu san tɔgera climate yele, la pu la buyi; tropical continental la interior savanna. Ba za'an de la siɔ la uunɛ n de Siibedaa ta paɛ Fɔɔ la Tigerɛ la Dawalega gee ti siɔ saŋa me dɛna 40 ta paɛ 50 inches. Ŋwana zuo la, siɔ la uune la, tu tari la sakara, n wan magesɛ paɛ piwɛi (90) Kɔbega puan. siɔ saŋa ti sapika ni dɛna 20 percent bɔna ɔɔnɛ. Ti wuntiŋa ŋwarega de la March bɔna 970 degrees Fahrenheit la gee ti wuntɛɛŋa sɛka n ka zo'e la bɔna 810 degrees Fahrenheit August ŋwareŋa la puan. Vegetation de la wooded savanna la ti tiisi bɔna tiŋa, pa'asɛ la ta'ama tiisi la bury, la muurɔ.^[4]

Society

Economy

Farefari duma zo'e zo'e de la kaareba, kɔɔra ki,keriga, la yɔa. Kariyɛna,mui,soyabeans n la tɛa ti ba kɔɔra.Kaariba tso'olum la puan iti la ŋmaa gee nyɔ tuuma, ti ba dikɛ samanɛ tum woo ŋmaresi siyopɔi bii sinii gee nyaa basɛ ka ti ka gã'arɛ wuu yuunɛ la ti ba kan kɔ ka zuo. Tu yɛ puan samama la , pɔgesi n ni kɔ ba diisi nyaa koosera ba bɔna ba tiŋa da'asi puan, hali lagum kɔɔra la taba. Budaasi me tuunɛ uuni puan de la gokɛ'ɛriba. Dɛna pakɛ mɛ bɔna tu buuri malema yɛla dɔla la sankana ti budaasi la sɛɛsi'a n boi goto puan ni sɔsa. Uunɛ san ni ta yɛlege,ti dikɔɔsereba diisi nibta ba'asa,ba nyaa ni kɛ la zim yɔka puan. Nɛreba zo'ore iŋa basɛ ti tu samama la ka le gã yuura ti dɛna basɛ ti goo kɛa ka le bɔna bala. Zisesi ti tu wan nyɔ gee gura yuunɛ kɔa la ka le zo'e.

Political system

Farefari tinsi ka tari nalɛgeriba agani taaba. Ba tara yelegerɛ bɔna ba tisuka bɔna ba tuuma puan sɛla n sɔi ba zo'e zo'e de la kaareba. Ba ka tari naduma yeleŋɔ, ba nimmu'urɛ yɛla la ni dɛna la ba kiinduma n de woo bunkureba yizuo woo n ni sɔsɛ.

Pu'usego nɛŋaduma n ta tari paŋa wan baŋɛ kɔa n tari ti kina se'em gee me dɛna sɛba n bo'ori samama ti ba kɔɔra.

Pansi sitã n lagum bɔna la Farefari nɛreba wa suŋera ba tiŋa bisega. Ayima de la Naduma kpɛ'ɛŋɔ, mina n pa'asɛ de la buuri vaarɛ, ti mina n pa'asɛ tã'a de la pu'usegɔ.

Naduma wa nyaŋɛ dikɛ makɛ mi la "sergent-major". Solemiisi yuum dɔla la bama puan nyɛta nɛreba tari kina tuuma puan bii zi'an ti ba zɛɛra lɔgerɔ. Hali solemiisi wa'aŋɔ Saŋa la tu buuri malema daa ni tara paŋa mɛ[9]

Malema

Religion Sirasakerɛ de la sɛla n bo Farefari vom puan. Tiŋa woo tari la bãgerɛ ka tinsuka. Yizuo woo biseri gee maala la ka yire,zi'a ti buuri lɔgerɔ bɔna. Lɔgerɔ la basɛ ti buuri la la ba tiŋa siisi ni tara la naarɛ. Ti lɔgetuna wa ba vaare ba ti ba dɛna ba buuri lɔgerɔ. Ba bo'ori buuri la la gu'a n la nɔnaarɛ buuri la za'a puan[10]

Farefari duma sakɛ sira bo tiŋa wa me ti a dɛna yinɛ,la sɛɛsi n basɛ ti a bɔna a ma'a. Ba nyɛ ba yaabeduma ti ba tara la kpɛ'ɛŋɔ la la ba kɛ'a zi'a. Tindaanduma n ni ita ba kaabegɔ sɛba ti ba yeti bama n biseri tiŋa la.[11]

Rituals

Rituals bayi n boi ti Farefari duma tara e tuna. Ayima bo la ba kua puan ti ayima me bɔna ba kɔa puan. Farefari kɔa bo la ba ma'a gee me ni yuu paɛ dabesa. Ba kɔa maalegɔ nimmu'urɛ yele Paa de la la basɛ ti tinsi naɛ taaba a ni ŋwana ti a de la de'eŋɔ gana malema. Ba ni laɛ kum la de daarɛ nɔɔ la ti a ki ti ba ni e gee tɛɛ lɔgerɔ san dagena bala kum la wan sagum tiŋa la. Tindaana la n tara sore ti pi kum la gee ti ba me ni tara kum la kaɛ yire butã a san dɛna la budaa gee a me san dɛna pɔka la de la nuu bunaasi gee ti ba nyaa tara e ta bo gã'aregɔ zi'a. Yɔɔ la ba yi'iri iŋa la deo gee ti a me ŋwana la nanawa lɔkɔ ayima bii deo mɛnka. Dɛna yeti la pa'alɛ la mina n ki tuuma tu tiŋa la puan gee me dikɛ vɔpa ta naɛ la ki'intiŋa. Ba ni laɛ budaati a nɛŋa biseri la zoo bɔna gee ti pɔgesi me ni bisa gɔbega. Ti ba pa'alɛ ba susageŋɔ gee me pa'alɛ ti ba kele mi, a kɔma la ni kɔɔ la ba zuto. Mina n ki la kɔma( budibekiima) la n ni sɔna ti a maasum n gã zi'an la malema yuune woo bii yuuma atã puan ti nɛra la ki. Sankana nɛraa n ki ni bɔna la liko bii a ka bɔna gura ba ta iŋɛ a kuurɛ suŋa. Male-ana ni it's la uunɛ ma'a ti malema ma la yuure ni pa'alɛ la e de nɛresɛka taaba gee ki. La san dɛna la budibekiima bii pugekiima, kuurɛ la ni ta'am wa paɛ bakɔi ayima. Dabesa atã a san dɛna budibela gee anaasi me bo'ora pɔka. Budibekiima la ni muulɛ pa'alɛ la dabeserɛ, yele yele woo la de nɛra zuo yele la.

Tuusum

Farefari duma tuusum buyina, tɔgum la Gɔmena nalɛgebɔ yɛla and "political". Gurunsi duma zo'e mɛ' kɛ'ɛra bii bɔna Burkina Faso, gee Farefari duma tuusum yɛla wã boi la ayima la ba saazuon sɔ'ɔlum Suurɔ wa "northerly neighbors', magese wuu such Nuna, Bwa la Winiama, de' la sɛla n naɛ la ba bɔna "abode" Gaana. Yima yima kana taaba wa pɔsɛ yamenɛ saŋa la puan sa "colonial times", magese wuu French la British "colonial systems differed".

Migration

Sansɛka ti yamenɛ tuuma yuum ka bɔna la "precolonial times", ba yuum dikɛ Farefari duma ti ba dɛna la "acephalous", ti la vuurɛ dɛna la ba yuum ka tari "centralized authority" la tigera n yuum de sɛla ti ba yuum kɔ'ɔm ba'am ita nara gana Gɔmena nalɛgebɔ "political allegiance". Gee dansika ti "colonialism" yuum wa'ana bɔna saazuon sɔ'ɔlum Gaana tiŋa wa puan la, ba yuum nyɛ pasi doose la Naduma puan.

Yuuma wa puan, yɛla asi'a basɛ ti lagum basɛ mɛ ti nɛreba wa ka zi'an bobeyinɛ. Yele katɛ kankaŋi de la nɛreba zo'ore.La yuum gulesɛ biŋɛ ti zisesi ti ba yuum bɔna la nɛreba zo'ore ta'am dɛna woo 77,885 nɛreba bɔna 2000 ta paa 84,545 bɔna 2010 tuunɛ. Saa nia zo'e zo'e la sama sageŋɔ dɔla ko'om puan sagum tiŋa suŋa mɛ, tu ka le tara sama dagena tu wan kɔ ma'a gee hali tu wan vɔna bii kɛ'ɛra zi'a. Le yɛ'ɛsa, tu samama la zo'e zo'e pi mɛ la tãsi, basɛ ti la ka ani nɛreba la suŋa ti ba bɔna zi'isi wa puan.Ti yele wa basɛ ti nɛreba wa nɔgɛ mɛ luŋɛ tinsi ti ba ɛɛ sama ti ba wan kɔ. Sɛla n le basɛ ti nɛreba nɔgera tinsi ti pɔgsulɛ lɔgerɔ n zo'e. Ti budaa san ka nyaŋɛ sole a pɔga, a ni bisɛ la tiŋa n wan kiŋɛ zi'an ta ɛɛ lɔgerɔ la wa'am. Budaa sisesi ni kiŋɛ sore ti ba pa'alɛ ti bama pire mɛ bii bama nyaa de la budaasi. Kɔmbipɔɔlegɔ basɛba ti'ise ti fu san kɛ "mɔɔ" la bo'ori fu la gilema ti dɛna ŋwani mi la malema pa'alɛ ti fu sole mɛ ti dɛna lagum pa'asɛ mɛ ti nɛreba kina sarutɔ. Yɛla asi'a me wan ta'am basɛ magese wuu kaareba n boi Bongo tiŋa pɛregɛ loŋɛ tiŋa yɛsera daaŋɔ dɔla Oncho zu'usi. ^[5]

^[6] Wikipiidiya Yelesugetɛ wara Adikɛ-tum waraKɔmpita zuo

Viisegɔ Lɔgerɔ

↑ Smith, Fred T. (1987). "Symbols of Conflict and Integration in Frafra Funerals". African Arts 21 (1): 46–51. DOI:10.2307/3336499.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 (2014-01-14) "Migration, Social Demands and Environmental Change amongst the Frafra of Northern Ghana and the Biali in Northern Benin". Sustainability 6 (1): 375–398. DOI:10.3390/su6010375. ISSN 2071-1050.
↑ Brukum, N.J.K. (1999). "Chiefs, Colonial Policy and Politics in Northern Ghana, 1897-1956". Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana (3): 101–122. ISSN 0855-3246.
↑ Nabila, John Sebiyam (1975). The migration of the Frafra of Northern Ghana: a case study of cyclical labor migration in West Africa. University Microfilms. OCLC 1571545.
↑ Sow, Papa (2014-01). "Migration, Social Demands and Environmental Change amongst the Frafra of Northern Ghana and the Biali in Northern Benin" (in en). Sustainability 6 (1): 375–398. DOI:10.3390/su6010375. ISSN 2071-1050.
↑ Sow, Papa (2014-01-14). "Migration, Social Demands and Environmental Change amongst the Frafra of Northern Ghana and the Biali in Northern Benin". Sustainability 6 (1): 375–398. DOI:10.3390/su6010375. ISSN 2071-1050.

[fred2-1] Smith, Fred T. (1987). "Symbols of Conflict and Integration in Frafra Funerals". African Arts 21 (1): 46–51. DOI:10.2307/3336499.

[:02-2] 2.0 ^2.1 (2014-01-14) "Migration, Social Demands and Environmental Change amongst the Frafra of Northern Ghana and the Biali in Northern Benin". Sustainability 6 (1): 375–398. DOI:10.3390/su6010375. ISSN 2071-1050.

[3] Brukum, N.J.K. (1999). "Chiefs, Colonial Policy and Politics in Northern Ghana, 1897-1956". Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana (3): 101–122. ISSN 0855-3246.

[:1-4] Nabila, John Sebiyam (1975). The migration of the Frafra of Northern Ghana: a case study of cyclical labor migration in West Africa. University Microfilms. OCLC 1571545.

[5] Sow, Papa (2014-01). "Migration, Social Demands and Environmental Change amongst the Frafra of Northern Ghana and the Biali in Northern Benin" (in en). Sustainability 6 (1): 375–398. DOI:10.3390/su6010375. ISSN 2071-1050.

[6] Sow, Papa (2014-01-14). "Migration, Social Demands and Environmental Change amongst the Frafra of Northern Ghana and the Biali in Northern Benin". Sustainability 6 (1): 375–398. DOI:10.3390/su6010375. ISSN 2071-1050.

[1]