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Saint Casimir
Saint Casimir
Confessor
Born	(1458-10-03)October 3, 1458 Wawel, Kraków, Kingdom of Poland
Died	March 4, 1484(1484-03-04) (aged 25) Hrodna, Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Modern Belarus)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church
Canonized	1522, Rome by Pope Adrian VI
Major shrine	Vilnius Cathedral
Feast	March 4
Patronage	Lithuania, Poland, youth

Saint Casimir Jagiellon (Polish: Kazimierz, Lithuanian: Kazimieras) (October 3, 1458 – March 4, 1484) was a royal prince of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania who became a patron saint of Lithuania, Poland, and the young.

A member of the Jagiellon dynasty, Casimir was born at Wawel, the royal palace in Kraków, and died at Hrodna.^[1] St. Casimir was the grandson of Jogaila and was the second son of king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir IV and Queen Elisabeth Habsburg of Hungary. His maternal grandfather was the king Albert Habsburg of Hungary, king of Bohemia and "King of the Romans" of the Holy Roman Empire.

From the age of nine, St. Casimir was educated by Jan Długosz and Filippo Buonaccorsi (also known as Filip Callimachus). Casimir, eager to defend Christianity against the Turks, accepted the offer and went to Hungary to obtain the crown. His uncle Władysław III, king of Poland and Hungary, had been killed earlier at the Battle of Varna in 1444 while leading the Hungarian armies against the Ottomans. Casimir was unsuccessful in this undertaking and returned as a fugitive. His father, King Casimir IV, had him educated well concerning public affairs and when his brother Władysław, became king of Bohemia, Casimir became crown prince and heir-apparent to the throne of Poland.

In 1471, while King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary led a campaign in Bohemia, the Hungarian nobility conspired against him and called the thirteen years old Casimir to the Kingdom, so he could take over and be crowned. The conspiracy was led by the Hungarian Archbishop János Vitéz, but it was frustrated as the King Matthias learned about it and quickly travelled back to the Kingdom with his armies in May of the same year. Casimir arrived to the fortress of Nitra, and then to Perény and Rozgony, but in December he had to flee from Hungary, as the King recovered full control and arrested the traitors.

Between 1479 and 1484 his father spent most of his time in Vilnius attending to the affairs of Lithuania, while Casimir acted as the vice-regent in Poland. Between 1481 and 1483, he administered the state with great prudence and justice. His father tried to arrange a marriage with a daughter of Emperor Frederick III, but Casimir preferred to remain single. Weakened by excessive fasting, he developed severe lung problems, possibly tuberculosis. On a journey to Lithuania in 1484, he died at Hrodna.^[2] His remains were interred in Vilnius. His remains rest in the baroque Saint Casimir's Chapel in the Vilnius Cathedral.

St. Casimir lived and reigned with great dignity and possessed great charm and character. Several miracles are ascribed to him. He was canonized by Pope Adrian VI in 1522 and is the patron saint of Poland and Lithuania.^[3] On June 11, 1948, Pope Pius XII named Saint Casimir the special patron of all youth.

The towns of Kvėdarna and Nemunaitis in Lithuania have Saint Casimir depicted on their Coat of Arms.

• Kaziuko mugė in Vilnius, a fair held on the Sunday nearest to St. Casimir's Day, the anniversary of his death
• Saint Casimir's Day (his feast day, March 4)

• Media related to Saint Casimir at Wikimedia Commons

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