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The '''Basque conflict''', also known as the '''Spain–ETA conflict''', was an armed and political conflict from 1959 to 2011
| title = European Union list of terrorist organizations
| url = http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/oj/2006/l_144/l_14420060531en00250029.pdf
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| access-date = 1 November 2010
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101028113913/http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm| archive-date= 28 October 2010 | url-status= dead}}
{{Dead link|date=October 2020}}</ref> which had launched a campaign of attacks against Spanish administrations since 1959. ETA had been proscribed as a [[List of designated terrorist organizations|terrorist organization]] by the Spanish, British,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/proscribed-terror-groups-or-organisations--2|title=Proscribed terrorist groups or organisations|website=GOV.UK}}</ref> French<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-05-16|title=Leader of Eta Basque rebels arrested in France|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48293187|access-date=2020-08-24}}</ref> and [[U.S. State Department list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations|American]]<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/other/des/123085.htm Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)]. Retrieved on 16 April 2013.</ref> authorities at different moments. The conflict took place mostly on Spanish soil, although to a smaller degree it was also present in France, which was primarily used as a safe haven by ETA members. It was the longest running violent conflict in modern Western Europe.<ref name="basque_conflict_gorka">{{cite web| title = The Basque Conflict: New ideas and Prospects for Peace| url = http://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr161.pdf | work = Gorka Espiau Idoiaga| date = April 2006| access-date = 1 November 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101018174308/http://www.usip.org/files/resources/sr161.pdf| archive-date= 18 October 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> It has been sometimes referred to as "Europe's longest war".<ref name="bbcnews_war">{{cite news| title = Eyewitness: ETA's shadowy leaders | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/545414.stm| work = news.bbc.co.uk| date = 2 December 1999| access-date = 1 November 2010}}</ref>
The terminology is controversial.<ref name="ELM">{{cite news| title = El 'Basque conflict', para Wikipedia | url = http://www.elmundo.es/pais-vasco/2013/12/02/529be31661fd3d6d748b4581.html|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |date=2 December 2013 |access-date=7 January 2014}}</ref> "Basque conflict" is preferred by [[Basque nationalist]] groups, including those opposed to ETA violence.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news| title = More Basque Violence | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/04/opinion/04iht-edwoodworth.html?_r=1&| work = [[The New York Times]]| date = 3 August 2009| access-date = 7 January 2014}}</ref> Others, including a number of Basque academics and historians commissioned to draft a report on the subject by the Basque government,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2015/03/11/actualidad/1426103143_149437.html|title=No hubo conflicto vasco, sino totalitarismo de ETA|first=Luis R.|last=Aizpeolea|date=11 March 2015|newspaper=El País}}</ref><ref name="NYT1"/> reject the term, seeing it as legitimate state agencies fighting a terrorist group which had been responsible for the vast majority of deaths.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ceberia Belaza |first=Mónica |date=20 October 2011 |title=Las 700 "consecuencias del conflicto" |trans-title=The 700 "consequences of the conflict" |url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2011/10/20/actualidad/1319144401_806536.html |language=es |newspaper=[[El País]] |location=Spain |access-date=20 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="totalitar">{{cite news |last=Aizpeolea |first=Luis |date=11 March 2015 |title=No hubo conflicto vasco, sino totalitarismo de ETA |trans-title=There wasn't a Basque Conflict, only ETA totalitarianism |url=http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2015/03/11/actualidad/1426103143_149437.html |language=es |newspaper=[[El País]] |location=Spain |access-date=20 December 2016}}</ref>
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