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A '''deep state'''<ref>([[calque]] of {{Lang-tr|derin devlet}})<br>{{cite Merriam-Webster|deep state}}</ref> is a type of government made up of potentially secret and unauthorized networks of power operating independently of a [[State (polity)|state]]'s political leadership in pursuit of their own agenda and goals. In popular usage, the term carries overwhelmingly negative connotations and is often associated with [[conspiracy theories]].<ref name=Byford>{{Cite book |title=Conspiracy theories: a critical introduction |last=Byford |first=Jovan |date=2011 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=9780230349216 |location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire |oclc=802867724}}</ref>
 
During the [[presidency of Donald Trump]], the term "deep state" has been primarily used in the United States to describe the "permanent government" of entrenched career bureaucrats or [[United States federal civil service|civil servants]] acting in accordance with the mandates of their agencies and congressional statutes when seen as in conflict with the administration.<ref>Rebecca Ingber, [https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/deep-state-myth-and-real-executive-branch-bureaucracy "The 'Deep State' Myth and the Real Executive Branch Bureaucracy"]; Rebecca Ingber, [https://www.justsecurity.org/66643/bureaucratic-resistance-and-the-deep-state-myth/ Bureaucratic Resistance and the Deep State Myth]</ref>
 
== Etymology and historical usage ==