Romance novel

For the medieval genre see Romance (genre).

To be considered of the romance genre, a novel should adhere to the following criteria:

• the story must focus on the relationship and romantic love between two people.[1]
• the story must have an emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending.[2]

If a novel does not fulfill those conditions, many fans of the genre are likely to claim that it belongs to a related genre, such as women's fiction, or that it is just a mainstream fiction novel.

Some romance novel readers would claim that the genre has additional restrictions, from plot considerations such as the protagonists meeting early on in the story, to avoiding possible themes, such as neither hero nor heroine committing adultery in the course of their relationship developing. However, these are not hard-and-fast rules, and some writers deliberately write stories that may put off some readers in order to push the genre's boundaries.

Disagreements have surfaced regarding the firm requirement for a happy ending, or the place of same-sex relationships within the genre. Some readers admit stories without a happy ending, if the focus of the story is on the romantic love between the two main characters (e.g. Romeo and Juliet). Although classic romance novels always have a heterosexual pairing, with the growing acceptance of same-sex relationships in mainstream culture, some might also argue for the inclusion of storylines featuring same-sex couples.

The earliest English novels in this genre appeared in the 19th century. Pride and Prejudice (1813), by Jane Austen, Wuthering Heights (1847), by Emily Brontë, and Jane Eyre (1847), by Charlotte Brontë are highly-regarded as classic romantic novels.

Romance novels can also trace their roots back to gothic novels, if not to the idea of the "roman" itself through the romance (genre), a heroic prose and narrative form of medieval/Renaissance Europe.

Ann Radcliffe's gothic novels influenced writers ranging from Jane Austen (who parodied it in her Northanger Abbey), Charles Dickens, and the Brontës.

The publishing house Harlequin Enterprises Ltd, conventionally shorted to Harlequin, along with its British arm Mills and Boon, is best-known for publishing romantic fiction. Currently, there are several large houses publishing romances, including Avon Books, an imprint of the HarperCollins publishing house.

Romance novels are divided into two sub-sets, category romances (also called series romances) and single title romances.

The term "category romances" derives from the fact that the books are published in clearly delineated categories, with a certain number of books being published in each category every month. Their alternative name, series romances, came from the sequential numbers sometimes printed on the books' spines. Category romances are short (usually no more than 250 pages), and have a low purchase price compared to other fiction books.

Category romances are further divided among different lines. A line is a series of books with a distinct identity. The books in a particular line may share similar settings, time periods, levels of sensuality, or types of conflict. Publishers of category romances usually issue guidelines to authors for each line, specifying the unique elements necessary in to each line.

Category romances have a finite print run, and they stay on the shelf only until they are sold out or until the next month's titles within the same line take their place upon the shelf.

As of 2005, Harlequin is the only "major" player in category romance, though Avalon, Avon and other publishers are slowly gaining momentum, publishing dozens of titles per month in ten-plus different lines, ranging from squeaky-clean stories geared to the Christian reader, to super-spicy, semi-erotica. Some publishers of Regency romances and ethnic romances also publish in monthly series.

'Single Title' novels are any novels not published as part of a publisher's line. They are longer than 'category' romances and average around 350 to 400 pages.

'Single Title' is a publishing term, as authors frequently write several interconnected books ranging in number from trilogies to long-running series. Such sets of books often have similar titles. Publishers may release them over a shorter space of time for sales velocity and publicity reasons, but on average authors publish two titles a year.

The following are the largest publishers of single title romance novels, in term of the number of titles published in 2002:

• Kensington - under its Brava and Strapless imprints
• Penguin-Putnam - under its Berkley, NAL, Jove, Onyx and Topaz imprints
• Dorchester - under its Leisure and Love Spell imprints
• Random House - under its Ballantine, Bantam, Dell, Del Rey and Ivy imprints
• HarperCollins - under its Avon imprint

Harlequin also publishes some single title romances under its HQN, Signature, Silhouette, and Mira imprints.

There are a number of sub-genres of romance novel:

• Chicklit
• Contemporary
• Historical
• Futuristic
• Fantasy
• Inspirational
• Multicultural
• Paranormal
• Regency
• Romantic suspense
• Time travel
• Western

Sub-genres of romance frequently draw on other genres — romantic suspense draws on mysteries, crime fiction and thrillers, and futuristics are romances in a science fiction mode.

Manga often include strong elements of romance, though being graphic novels they are in a category of their own and do not qualify as a subgenre of romance. These are typically young adult romances in that the two people are junior high school or high school age; the romance is not a mature relationship nor that of soul mates, as it often is in classic romance novels, but rather simply that of girlfriend/boyfriend (or boyfriend/boyfriend -- many anime and manga romances feature same-sex couples).

Romantica (a blend of romance and erotica) is often named as a sub-genre; the term is a trademark owned by growing electronic publisher Ellora's Cave. The common non-trademarked term for the sub-genre is erotic romance. Erotic romance includes romance novels from all the other romance sub-genres, as these books are predominantly romance novels that are characterized by strong sexual content.

See also List of romantic novelists

Romance novels are most popular in the United States and Canada, where it is the best-selling genre. In North America in 2002, sales of romance novels generated US$1.63 billion and comprised 34.6% of all popular fiction sold - by comparison, general fiction comprised 24.1% and mystery, detective and suspense fiction comprised 23.1%. Over 2000 romance novels were published, and there were 51.1 million romance novel readers.

Like many other fan groups, romance novel readers have developed terminology to allow them to talk about the specifics of romance novels quickly and easily. Some common terms include:

• duke of slut - a promiscuous male aristocrat, usually seen in historical romances.
• fake rake - a man whom everybody presumes to be promiscuous (a rake), but who is not.
• HEA - an abbreviation of "[and they lived] happily ever after", the phrase which traditionally ends fairy tales; it refers to the happy ending that romance novels must have.
• H/H - shorthand for referring to the Hero/Heroine as a couple.
• TSTL - an abbreviation of "too stupid to live"; this usually refers to a heroine whose behaviour is so dumb that the reader finds it difficult to believe that she has survived so long, or that she will manage to avoid getting herself killed soon.

Many of these terms, and more, were created and or popularized at All About Romance (www.allaboutromance.com).

• ebook
• Lesbian pulp fiction
• Men's romantic fiction
• Romance Writers of America

• Romance Writers of America
• Romance Wiki A wiki dedicated to documenting the history of Romance Novels.
• All About Romance Romance reviews, author interviews, a bi-monthly column focusing on romance novel-related issues, and message boards.
• Roundtable Reviews This site features reviews and interviews with some of today's upcoming and established authors.
• The Mystic Castle Readers' website. This site features authors interviews and chats, reviews, articles, listing of new releases to come, and a bulletin board.